当我们在配置DG环境的时候，我们需要在备库主机上安装数据库软件，如果源库安装了很多PATCH，那么我们备库使用普通安装的方式+手动打PATCH，那样将消耗大量的时间，使用clone方式安装，那就简单很多，一个小时内就可以安装一套单机数据库软件。有些我们也有可能搭建一个测试环境，要求跟正式环境一样的版本（包括小版本），这里我们也有可能会使用到clone的方式来安装数据库。
clone安装数据库的方式有很多，如何手动tar后再perl来手动安装，还有就是使用gc来clone安装，特别是使用gc的方式，相当的简单与直观，点点鼠标就可以完成。
下面介绍的使用tar这种手动安装方式，
1、在源库上tar整个数据库软件
[root@rhel4 db_1]# set -o vi [root@rhel4 db_1]# tar cvf /soft/10_2_0_4.tar /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
2、传磅10_2_0_4.tar这个包到目标主机任意位置，要求使用binary的方式传输。
3、目标主机安装前准备工作
3.1 创建用户，可以和源库不一样 [root@test ~]# groupadd -g 211 dba [root@test ~]# groupadd -g 210 oinstall [root@test ~]# useradd -u 211 -g dba -G oinstall oracle10g echo "oracle"|passwd oracle10g --stdin[root@test ~]# echo "oracle"|passwd oracle10g --stdin Changing password for user oracle10g. passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully. 3.2 修改内核参数 [root@test ~]# echo "kernel.shmmni = 4096 > kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 > fs.file-max = 65536 > net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000 > net.core.rmem_default = 262144 > net.core.rmem_max = 262144 > net.core.wmem_default = 262144 > net.core.wmem_max = 262144 > net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 262144 262144 262144 > net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 262144 262144 262144">>/etc/sysctl.conf [root@test ~]# 3.3 修改ulimit [root@test ~]# echo "oracle10g soft memlock 5242880 > oracle10g hard memlock 524280 > oracle10g soft nproc 2047 > oracle10g hard nproc 16384 > oracle10g soft nofile 65536 > oracle10g hard nofile 65536">> /etc/security/limits.conf [root@test ~]# echo "session required pam_limits.so">>/etc/pam.d/login
4、目标主机解压文件
[root@test soft]# set -o vi [root@test soft]# tar xvf 10_2_0_4.tar -C /
5、修改oracle用户的bash_profile文件
[oracle10g@test ~]$ cat .bash_profile # .bash_profile # Get the aliases and functions if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then . ~/.bashrc fi # User specific environment and startup programs PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin export PATH unset USERNAME export PATH export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1 export ORACLE_SID=orcl10g export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORA_CRS_HOME/bin:$PATH export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/lib32:$CRS_HOME/lib32:$ORA_CRS_HOME/lib32 export DISPLAY=192.168.111.1:0.0 set -o vi stty erase ^h [oracle10g@test ~]$ [oracle10g@test ~]$ . ./.bash_profile
6、开始安装
6.1、修改config.c [oracle10g@test ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib [oracle10g@test lib]$ mv config. config.c config.o [oracle10g@test lib]$ mv config.o config.o.back /* SS_DBA_GRP defines the UNIX group ID for adminstrative access. */ /* Refer to the Installation and User's Guide for further information. */ /*如果这里两台主机的oracle所属组不一样的时候请记住，修改一下这个地方*/ #define SS_DBA_GRP "dba" #define SS_OPER_GRP "dba" char *ss_dba_grp[] = {SS_DBA_GRP, SS_OPER_GRP}; 6.2 编译相当的文件 [oracle10g@test lib]$ make -f ins_rdbms.mk config.o /usr/bin/gcc -O3 -trigraphs -fPIC -I/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/demo -I/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/public -I/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/plsql/public -I/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/network/public -DLINUX -DORAX86_64 -D_GNU_SOURCE -D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE=1 -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE=1 -DSLTS_ENABLE -DSLMXMX_ENABLE -D_REENTRANT -DNS_THREADS -DLONG_IS_64 -fno-strict-aliasing -DSS_64BIT_SERVER -c -o config.o config.c [oracle10g@test lib]$ make -f ins_rdbms.mk ioracle chmod 755 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin - Linking Oracle rm -f /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/oracle gcc -o /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/oracle -L/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/ -L/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/ -L/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/stubs/ -Wl,-E `test -f /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/sskgpsmti.o && echo /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/sskgpsmti.o` /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/opimai.o /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/ssoraed.o /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/ttcsoi.o /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/defopt.o -Wl,--whole-archive -lperfsrv10 -Wl,--no-whole-archive /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/nautab.o /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/naeet.o /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/naect.o /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/naedhs.o /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/config.o -lserver10 -lodm10 -lnnet10 -lskgxp10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lxml10 -lcore10 -lunls10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lnls10 -lhasgen10 -lcore10 -lskgxn2 -locr10 -locrb10 -locrutl10 -lhasgen10 -lcore10 -lskgxn2 -lclient10 -lvsn10 -lcommon10 -lgeneric10 -lknlopt `if /usr/bin/ar tv /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/libknlopt.a | grep xsyeolap.o > /dev/null 2>&1 ; then echo "-loraolap10" ; fi` -lslax10 -lpls10 -lplp10 -lserver10 -lclient10 -lvsn10 -lcommon10 -lgeneric10 `if [ -f /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/libavserver10.a ] ; then echo "-lavserver10" ; else echo "-lavstub10"; fi` `if [ -f /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/libavclient10.a ] ; then echo "-lavclient10" ; fi` -lknlopt -lslax10 -lpls10 -lplp10 -ljox10 -lserver10 -lclsra10 -ldbcfg10 -locijdbcst10 -lwwg `cat /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/ldflags` -lnsslb10 -lncrypt10 -lnsgr10 -lnzjs10 -ln10 -lnnz10 -lnl10 -lnro10 `cat /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/ldflags` -lnsslb10 -lncrypt10 -lnsgr10 -lnzjs10 -ln10 -lnnz10 -lnl10 -lmm -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lxml10 -lcore10 -lunls10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lnls10 `cat /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/ldflags` -lnsslb10 -lncrypt10 -lnsgr10 -lnzjs10 -ln10 -lnnz10 -lnl10 -lnro10 `cat /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/ldflags` -lnsslb10 -lncrypt10 -lnsgr10 -lnzjs10 -ln10 -lnnz10 -lnl10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lxml10 -lcore10 -lunls10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lnls10 `if /usr/bin/ar tv /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/libknlopt.a | grep "kxmnsd.o" > /dev/null 2>&1 ; then echo " " ; else echo "-lordsdo10"; fi` -lctxc10 -lctx10 -lzx10 -lgx10 -lctx10 -lzx10 -lgx10 -lordimt10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lxml10 -lcore10 -lunls10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lnls10 -lsnls10 -lunls10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lxml10 -lcore10 -lunls10 -lsnls10 -lnls10 -lcore10 -lnls10 -laio `cat /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/sysliblist` -Wl,-rpath,/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib -lm `cat /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib/sysliblist` -ldl -lm -L/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/lib//libcore10.a(lcd.o)(.text+0xb71): In function `lcdprm': : warning: the `gets' function is dangerous and should not be used. mv -f /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/oracle /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/oracleO mv /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/rdbms/lib/oracle /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/oracle chmod 6751 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/oracle 6.3 、创建/etc/oraInst.loc 这个文件也可以不用创建，后面会自动创建 [root@test db_1]# cat /etc/oraInst.loc inventory_loc=/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory 6.4、开始安装 [oracle10g@test lib]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/clone/bin [oracle10g@test bin]$ perl clone.pl ORACLE_HOME="$ORACLE_HOME" ORACLE_HOME_NAME="Oracle10g2204" ./runInstaller -silent -clone -waitForCompletion "ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1" "ORACLE_HOME_NAME=Oracle10g2204" -noConfig -nowait You do not have sufficient permissions to access the inventory '/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory'. Installation cannot continue. Make sure that you have read/write permissions to the inventory directory and restart the installer.: Permission denied [oracle10g@test bin]$ perl clone.pl ORACLE_HOME="$ORACLE_HOME" ORACLE_HOME_NAME="Oracle10g2204" [root@test app]# chown oracle10g:oinstall oracle [oracle10g@test bin]$ perl clone.pl ORACLE_HOME="$ORACLE_HOME" ORACLE_HOME_NAME="Oracle10g2204" ./runInstaller -silent -clone -waitForCompletion "ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1" "ORACLE_HOME_NAME=Oracle10g2204" -noConfig -nowait Starting Oracle Universal Installer... No pre-requisite checks found in oraparam.ini, no system pre-requisite checks will be executed. Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2013-04-16_07-28-13PM. Please wait ...Oracle Universal Installer, Version 10.2.0.4.0 Production Copyright (C) 1999, 2008, Oracle. All rights reserved. You can find a log of this install session at: /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/logs/cloneActions2013-04-16_07-28-13PM.log .................................................................................................... 这里没有输出了。 [root@test OraInstall2013-04-16_07-28-13PM]# strace -p 10395 Process 10395 attached - interrupt to quit wait4(10396, [oracle10g@test bin]$ perl clone.pl ORACLE_HOME="$ORACLE_HOME" ORACLE_HOME_NAME="Oracle10g2204" ./runInstaller -silent -clone -waitForCompletion "ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1" "ORACLE_HOME_NAME=Oracle10g2204" -noConfig -nowait Starting Oracle Universal Installer... No pre-requisite checks found in oraparam.ini, no system pre-requisite checks will be executed. Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2013-04-16_08-02-12PM. Please wait ...Oracle Universal Installer, Version 10.2.0.4.0 Production Copyright (C) 1999, 2008, Oracle. All rights reserved. You can find a log of this install session at: /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/logs/cloneActions2013-04-16_08-02-12PM.log .................................................................................................... 100% Done. Installation in progress (Tuesday, April 16, 2013 8:02:23 PM CST) .......................................................................... 74% Done. Install successful Linking in progress (Tuesday, April 16, 2013 8:02:30 PM CST) Link successful Setup in progress (Tuesday, April 16, 2013 8:04:12 PM CST) Setup successful End of install phases.(Tuesday, April 16, 2013 8:04:14 PM CST) WARNING: The following configuration scripts need to be executed as the "root" user. #!/bin/sh #Root script to run /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/root.sh To execute the configuration scripts: 1. Open a terminal window 2. Log in as "root" 3. Run the scripts The cloning of Oracle10g2204 was successful. Please check '/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/logs/cloneActions2013-04-16_08-02-12PM.log' for more details. 6.5、执行root.sh文件 [root@test ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/root.sh Running Oracle10 root.sh script... The following environment variables are set as: ORACLE_OWNER= oracle10g ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1 Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]: Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ... Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ... Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ... Creating /etc/oratab file... Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created Finished running generic part of root.sh script. Now product-specific root actions will be performed. [root@test ~]#
到此，安装成功，下面的工作就是配置监听，搭建DG或者创建相应的数据库了。
使用clone方式安装数据库：等您坐沙发呢！